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In Vietnam, lung cancer is the most common disease in men and the third in women. Every year, our country has about 22,000 new cases of lung cancer and nearly 20,000 deaths from lung cancer are recorded. It is estimated that by 2020, the number of lung cancer cases in both men and women in Vietnam could reach over 34,000 per year. Unfortunately, up to 70% of lung cancer patients in Vietnam are found to have the disease at a late stage (the cancer must have metastasized or stage 4), affecting prognosis and treatment effectiveness.

When diagnosed with terminal lung cancer, patients and their families quickly have to make difficult choices regarding treatment. Therefore, patients should be equipped with knowledge about lung cancer at this stage to improve health and prolong life.

End stage lung cancer classification

Lung cancer

End-stage lung cancer is a broad concept. Therefore, patients often have different clinical features, treatment and prognosis are also different. Lung cancer is divided into 2 types:

  • Non-small cell lung cancer (85%): Non-small cell lung cancer is divided into stages: 0, 1, 2, 3A, 3B, 4. If you have this type of cancer, the final stage is equivalent. with stage 4.
  • Small cell lung cancer: If you have small cell lung cancer, stage 4 lung cancer is equivalent to the stage where the tumor has metastasized and spread. The tumor has metastasized to many different organs of the body such as bones, brain, etc.

In addition, lung cancer at this stage is also classified according to genetic mutations. Some cases of terminal lung cancer have high PD-1 protein expression or carry gene mutations such as ROS1, EGFR, ALK… Some lung cancer cases are negative for these mutations or not. PD-1 expression.

Symptoms of late stage lung cancer

Most cases of lung cancer do not show symptoms until the tumor has spread and metastasized. However, some people with lung cancer even in the early stages can have symptoms, and the more advanced they are, the more pronounced the symptoms will be. Therefore, if patients suspect they have symptoms of lung cancer, they should go to the doctor as soon as possible to perform diagnostic tests. The earlier the disease is detected, the higher the chance of treatment and cure, the better the prognosis.

Here are the symptoms of stage 4 lung cancer that patients often experience.

1. Symptoms when there is a tumor in the lung

Symptoms of late stage lung cancer

When a tumor appears in the lung, patients often have the following symptoms:

  • Short of breath
  • Wheezing
  • Hoarseness
  • Persistent cough
  • Coughing up blood ( hemoptysis )
  • Chest, back, shoulder or arm pain
  • Pneumonia or bronchitis repeated many times

2. Symptoms of late stage lung cancer when the tumor has spread to other areas

When the tumor has spread to other areas, you usually have the following symptoms:

  • Tumor that has spread to the bone: causes symptoms such as pain in the back, hips, or ribs.
  • Tumor invades esophagus : causes difficulty swallowing.
  • Tumor metastases to the brain: can cause headaches, change vision and cause seizures.
  • Tumor invades the liver: can cause jaundice.

In addition, you also experience other systemic symptoms such as fatigue, loss of appetite, sudden weight loss

How long do you live with late stage (stage 4) lung cancer?

The 5-year survival rate is used to determine how many people in 100 patients are still alive after 5 years of diagnosis. For advanced lung cancer, the 5-year survival rate is 4.7%. This means that on average 100 people with terminal lung cancer, about 5 people live after 5 years.

However, today, along with the development of science and technology, treatment therapies help lung cancer patients have more options, so they can improve their quality of life after 5 years. As a result, the prognosis of terminal lung cancer will be greatly improved and much higher than the rate of 4.7%.

Not only that, how long a patient with terminal lung cancer (stage 4) can live depends on many factors, including:

  • Current health status: If at the time of diagnosis of terminal lung cancer, the better the patient’s health, the more treatment options will be available. Not only that, patients in good health are also better able to tolerate the side effects of treatments, the faster the tumor is controlled and the better the chance of survival. Conversely, if the patient is in poor health, exhausted or has other underlying diseases, the fewer treatment options and the lower the ability to tolerate the treatment.
  • Age: A small 2013 study found that the older the patient, the worse the prognosis. However, data regarding the relationship between age and prognosis with stage 4 lung cancer are still limited. Health is still more important than age.
  • Gender: According to the American Cancer Society, the risk of lung cancer in women is 1 in 17 and in men it is 1 in 15.
  • Race: The American Cancer Society also shares figures showing that black women have a 10% lower risk of lung cancer than white women. However, black men have a 20% higher risk of lung cancer than white men.
  • Response to treatment drugs: If the patient’s body responds well to treatment drugs, the patient will have a good prognosis because the tumor is under control.

How to cure late stage lung cancer

Treatment of late stage lung cancer

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